The diet of adult psittacids: veterinarian and ethological approaches

Parrots species are kept as pets because of their colours, their vocal abilities, their longevity and also their behaviours. Nevertheless, many owners do not know how to feed their bird in a healthy way and sometimes veterinarians and ethologists are confronted to dramatic situations. Diet is a key factor to prevent and reduce health and psychogenic disorders. Imbalance can lead to physical, physiological and behavioural modifications that can weaken the owner–bird relationship, cause bird discomfort and sometimes threaten its survival. Psittacids are known for their complex cognitive and communicative abilities. They are social animals and need many interactions. Kept in captivity, they could suffer from boredom because of lack of stimulations and also because of lack of possibility to explore and to forage, which could represent up to 70% of their day time in the wild. Indeed, humans control every parameter in the environment of pet psittacids. They provide a highly digestible diet. In captivity, foraging is not mandatory, and the bird can get bored. Here, we present a review of the literature regarding the quality of the diet and health disorders on one hand and the interaction between foraging opportunities and psychogenic disorders in adult psittacids on the other hand.     

The Perceptions of Dog Intelligence and Cognitive Skills (PoDIaCS) Survey

Dog cognition research is expanding, but few studies have examined people's perceptions of specific cognitive abilities in dogs. The aim of this study was to explore owner perceptions of dog cognitive abilities across different cognitive domains and to determine whether these were associated with the dog–owner relationship. We developed an online questionnaire and analyzed the results from 565 dog owners. Dog owners generally indicated the belief that dogs are socially intelligent and possess the capacity to learn social and general cognitive skills. One quarter of dog owners agreed or strongly agreed that dogs were smarter than most people, and 45.7% indicated the belief that a dog's mental ability is equal to “3-5 year old human children.” Perceived emotional owner–dog closeness correlated with all cognition ratings. A better understanding of dog cognitive abilities may help owners interpret dog behavior more appropriately, which may lead to a reduction in the number of dogs relinquished to shelters because of behavioral problems.     

农户稀缺感知、超采认知对地下水灌溉用水效率的影响——基于河北地下水超采区457个农户调研数据

华北地区由地下水超采造成的环境问题日益严重,农业作为主要用水部门,亟须提高灌溉用水效率,减少水资源浪费。本文基于2019年对河北地区457户使用地下水进行灌溉的农户调查数据,采用随机前沿模型对灌溉用水效率进行测算,进一步在参照相关研究基础上重新构建农户水资源稀缺性感知和地下水超采认知测度的指标体系,在控制个人和家庭特征、生产特征基础上,实证分析农户稀缺感知和超采认知对灌溉用水效率的影响。研究结果显示:农户平均灌溉用水效率值为0.59,主要分布区间为0.40～0.80,具有较大提升空间;稀缺感知中水量感知、水位感知和稀缺预期对农户用水效率具有显著正向影响,超采认知中地下水超采危害认知和压采环保认知对用水效率提升具有促进作用;务农年限和受教育程度同用水效率正相关,相较于自有土地,流转土地具有更高的用水效率,耕地细碎化和灌溉设施距离过远则显著降低用水效率。因此,大力提升农户相关认知水平、推进土地流转和完善设施建设等措施将有助于提高河北地区灌溉用水效率。     

上海古典园林诗意生成的机制——以古漪园为例

以嘉定古漪园为例探索了上海古典园林中诗意的生成机制。通过创新性地运用环境心理学、网络和语言学一些方法与理论,开拓性地揭示了古漪园诗意的双重特征：物质结构中的诗性格律、文化语义中的诗情隐喻,并集中体现在花园建构和环境认知的过程中;两者相辅相承。同时,论文阐明了古漪园＂绿竹漪漪＂的诗意建构机制是以使用者美学体验为导向;这对当前上海城市人居环境改造建设是一种启示。     

消费者购买设施蔬菜行为研究——宁夏银川市部分消费群体调查与分析

根据宁夏银川市消费者对设施蔬菜的消费情况调查,考察消费者对设施蔬菜的需求状况、质量安全认知及品牌认知程度,分析消费者购买设施蔬菜意愿和行为的影响因素,并就消费者表达的购买意愿和实际购买经历的差异进行分析.这有助于政府等有关部门在制度和政策方面采取相应的措施推进设施蔬菜产业健康发展,缓解设施蔬菜市场中由于产品信息的不对称导致的市场失灵问题,使设施蔬菜市场进入良性循环.     

生态认知和社会化服务对农户农药减量施用行为的影响——基于重庆市水稻种植户的调研数据

为探究农户农药减量施用的影响机制,本研究基于重庆104份水稻种植农户样本数据,以农户的生态认知、社会化服务和政策激励为重要支撑,构建农户农药减量施用行为的影响机制及分析框架,并采用多元线性回归模型、泊松分布回归模型和中介效应分析模型对其进行实证检验。结果表明：社会化服务对农药减量施用有显著正向影响,通过购买社会化服务组织提供的农药减量技术措施可以显著减少农药施用量;生态认知对农药减量施用有显著正向影响,农户的生态认知水平越高,便会更愿意保护生态环境而减少农药施用;生态认知在社会化服务对农户农药减量施用行为的影响中起中介作用,社会化服务组织在推广宣传农药减量技术的过程中,可以向农户普及相关知识从而提高生态认知,有利于农药减量施用;社会化服务通过提升生态认知影响农户农药减量施用的中介效应被政策激励正向调节,政府开展实施的宣传教育、技术培训、价格补贴强化了农户生态认知对农药减量施用程度的正向影响。研究表明,完善社会化服务体系、提高生态认知水平以及着力落实农药减量施用政策激励可以作为推进农药减量化的重要思路。     

中国低碳发展公众参与现状研究 ——城乡公众参与差异分析

基于全国的随机抽样调查数据,对中国城市和农村公众低碳发展认知和行为的客观特征进行分析,结果发现：中国城乡公众在低碳发展认知,意愿和行为方面存在显著差异,并对这些差异的原因进行了探讨。最后针对城乡公众的不同特征,提出差异化政策建议。     

二语词汇习得的体验性分析

二语词汇习得与语言体验性具有内在的关联性。词汇习得是基于感知体验的,它是一个基于体验的心理计算过程。因此,二语词汇习得是学习者大脑心智对相关词汇知识（包括二语词汇的语义、句法、形态信息）进行体验的结果。     

基于图式理论的网络阅读研究

图式理论已经成为阅读理论研究中的重点。通过对图式理论的阐释,认为网络阅读的认知图式需要进行重建。将传统阅读内容认知图式的优点保留于网络阅读中,将网络阅读中其他认知图式通过学习和教育,并积极作用于社会环境,以达到网络阅读认知图式重建的目的。     

居民对采摘型休闲农业旅游认知及参与意愿研究

为了解居民对烟台采摘型休闲农业旅游认知情况和参与意愿,填补相关研究的空白,基于消费者的视角、采用问卷调查与评分法进行了研究。结果表明：居民对采摘型休闲农业（果蔬采摘）旅游的认知情况属于较低水平,该旅游项目具有广阔的客源市场空间。有关部门和旅游项目的组织者应该通过加强采摘型休闲农业旅游的宣传,提高居民对采摘型休闲农业旅游的认知水平,吸引更多的居民参与到采摘型休闲农业旅游中来。采摘型旅游项目的组织者应根据消费者的意愿,有针对性的设计不同层级的旅游产品和旅游形式,设计不同层次的消费价格,满足更多消费者的需求。